""" OP_CAT Validation and Verification Framework ============================================ This module provides comprehensive validation and verification frameworks for Bitcoin's OP_CAT operations integrated with Starlight's IPFS architecture. Author: Starlight Engineering Team Version: 1.0 Date: 2026-02-06 """ import json import hashlib import base64 from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Any, Union, Tuple, Callable from dataclasses import dataclass, asdict from enum import Enum from datetime import datetime class ValidationLevel(Enum): """Validation severity levels.""" INFO = "info" WARNING = "warning" ERROR = "error" CRITICAL = "critical" class VerificationStatus(Enum): """Verification status enumeration.""" PENDING = "pending" IN_PROGRESS = "in_progress" PASSED = "passed" FAILED = "failed" SKIPPED = "skipped" @dataclass class ValidationResult: """Result of a validation operation.""" rule_id: str level: ValidationLevel message: str passed: bool details: Dict[str, Any] timestamp: str def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]: return { **asdict(self), "level": self.level.value, "timestamp": self.timestamp } @dataclass class VerificationResult: """Result of a verification operation.""" verification_id: str component: str status: VerificationStatus score: float # 0.0 to 1.0 validations: List[ValidationResult] metadata: Dict[str, Any] timestamp: str def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]: return { **asdict(self), "status": self.status.value, "validations": [v.to_dict() for v in self.validations], "timestamp": self.timestamp } class OPCATValidator: """Core validator for OP_CAT operations.""" def __init__(self): self.validation_rules: Dict[str, Callable] = {} self.validation_history: List[ValidationResult] = [] self._register_core_validation_rules() def _register_core_validation_rules(self): """Register core validation rules for OP_CAT operations.""" def validate_size_limit(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> ValidationResult: """Validate 520 byte stack element limit.""" content = data.get("content", b"") if isinstance(content, str): content = base64.b64decode(content) size = len(content) passed = size <= 520 return ValidationResult( rule_id="size_limit_001", level=ValidationLevel.CRITICAL if not passed else ValidationLevel.INFO, message=f"Content size {size} bytes {'exceeds' if not passed else 'within'} 520 byte limit", passed=passed, details={"size": size, "limit": 520}, timestamp=datetime.utcnow().isoformat() ) def validate_content_format(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> ValidationResult: """Validate content format and encoding.""" content = data.get("content", "") try: if isinstance(content, str): # Try to decode as base64 decoded = base64.b64decode(content) is_valid_base64 = True else: decoded = content is_valid_base64 = False # Check if content is valid UTF-8 try: decoded.decode('utf-8') is_valid_utf8 = True except UnicodeDecodeError: is_valid_utf8 = False passed = is_valid_base64 or isinstance(content, bytes) return ValidationResult( rule_id="content_format_001", level=ValidationLevel.ERROR if not passed else ValidationLevel.INFO, message=f"Content format validation {'failed' if not passed else 'passed'}", passed=passed, details={ "is_base64": is_valid_base64, "is_utf8": is_valid_utf8, "original_type": type(content).__name__ }, timestamp=datetime.utcnow().isoformat() ) except Exception: return ValidationResult( rule_id="content_format_001", level=ValidationLevel.ERROR, message="Content format validation failed - invalid encoding", passed=False, details={"error": "Invalid base64 or bytes format"}, timestamp=datetime.utcnow().isoformat() ) def validate_operation_sequence(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> ValidationResult: """Validate OP_CAT operation sequence.""" operations = data.get("operations", []) if not operations: return ValidationResult( rule_id="operation_sequence_001", level=ValidationLevel.WARNING, message="No OP_CAT operations specified", passed=True, details={"operation_count": 0}, timestamp=datetime.utcnow().isoformat() ) # Check for required operation types required_ops = {"content_concat", "hash_chain", "merkle_proof"} provided_ops = {op.get("type") for op in operations} missing_ops = required_ops - provided_ops has_required = len(missing_ops) == 0 # Check operation order valid_order = True for i, op in enumerate(operations): if op.get("type") == "merkle_proof" and i > 0: # Merkle proof should typically be early in sequence valid_order = False break passed = has_required and valid_order return ValidationResult( rule_id="operation_sequence_001", level=ValidationLevel.WARNING if not passed else ValidationLevel.INFO, message=f"Operation sequence validation {'passed' if passed else 'has issues'}", passed=passed, details={ "operation_count": len(operations), "provided_operations": list(provided_ops), "missing_operations": list(missing_ops), "valid_order": valid_order }, timestamp=datetime.utcnow().isoformat() ) def validate_hash_integrity(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> ValidationResult: """Validate hash integrity for OP_CAT results.""" expected_hashes = data.get("expected_hashes", []) actual_hashes = data.get("actual_hashes", []) if not expected_hashes or not actual_hashes: return ValidationResult( rule_id="hash_integrity_001", level=ValidationLevel.INFO, message="Hash integrity check skipped - insufficient data", passed=True, details={"reason": "missing_hash_data"}, timestamp=datetime.utcnow().isoformat() ) # Compare hashes hash_matches = [] for expected, actual in zip(expected_hashes, actual_hashes): match = expected == actual hash_matches.append(match) all_match = all(hash_matches) return ValidationResult( rule_id="hash_integrity_001", level=ValidationLevel.CRITICAL if not all_match else ValidationLevel.INFO, message=f"Hash integrity check {'passed' if all_match else 'failed'}", passed=all_match, details={ "hash_count": len(hash_matches), "matching_hashes": sum(hash_matches), "hash_comparison": dict(zip(expected_hashes, actual_hashes)) }, timestamp=datetime.utcnow().isoformat() ) def validate_script_compatibility(data: Dict[str, Any]) -> ValidationResult: """Validate Bitcoin script compatibility.""" script = data.get("bitcoin_script", "") if not script: return ValidationResult( rule_id="script_compatibility_001", level=ValidationLevel.WARNING, message="No Bitcoin script provided for compatibility check", passed=True, details={"reason": "no_script"}, timestamp=datetime.utcnow().isoformat() ) # Check for required OP_CAT operations has_opcat = "OP_CAT" in script has_covenant_elements = any(op in script for op in ["OP_TOALTSTACK", "OP_FROMALTSTACK"]) has_validation = any(op in script for op in ["OP_CHECKSIG", "OP_VERIFY", "OP_EQUAL"]) script_size = len(script.encode()) size_ok = script_size <= 1650 # Bitcoin script size limit passed = has_opcat and has_covenant_elements and has_validation and size_ok return ValidationResult( rule_id="script_compatibility_001", level=ValidationLevel.ERROR if not passed else ValidationLevel.INFO, message=f"Bitcoin script compatibility check {'passed' if passed else 'failed'}", passed=passed, details={ "has_opcat": has_opcat, "has_covenant_elements": has_covenant_elements, "has_validation": has_validation, "script_size": script_size, "script_size_ok": size_ok }, timestamp=datetime.utcnow().isoformat() ) self.validation_rules = { "size_limit": validate_size_limit, "content_format": validate_content_format, "operation_sequence": validate_operation_sequence, "hash_integrity": validate_hash_integrity, "script_compatibility": validate_script_compatibility } def validate(self, data: Dict[str, Any], rule_names: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> List[ValidationResult]: """Run validation rules against data.""" if rule_names is None: rule_names = list(self.validation_rules.keys()) results = [] for rule_name in rule_names: if rule_name not in self.validation_rules: continue try: result = self.validation_rules[rule_name](data) results.append(result) self.validation_history.append(result) except Exception as e: error_result = ValidationResult( rule_id=f"{rule_name}_error", level=ValidationLevel.ERROR, message=f"Validation rule {rule_name} failed with error: {str(e)}", passed=False, details={"error": str(e)}, timestamp=datetime.utcnow().isoformat() ) results.append(error_result) self.validation_history.append(error_result) return results class OPCATVerifier: """Main verification framework for OP_CAT operations.""" def __init__(self): self.validator = OPCATValidator() self.verification_history: Dict[str, VerificationResult] = {} self.verification_components: Dict[str, Callable] = {} self._register_verification_components() def _register_verification_components(self): """Register verification components.""" def verify_ipfs_content(cid: str, expected_data: Optional[bytes] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]: """Verify IPFS content integrity.""" # Simulate IPFS content verification # In practice, this would interact with actual IPFS node try: # Extract hash from CID (simplified) if cid.startswith("bafy"): cid_hash = cid[4:] + "====" # Add padding for base32 decoded_hash = base64.b32decode(cid_hash.upper()) computed_hash = hashlib.sha256(expected_data or b"test").digest() hash_match = decoded_hash == computed_hash return { "success": True, "cid_valid": True, "hash_match": hash_match, "content_verified": hash_match, "details": { "cid_hash": decoded_hash.hex(), "computed_hash": computed_hash.hex() } } else: return { "success": False, "cid_valid": False, "error": "Invalid CID format" } except Exception as e: return { "success": False, "error": str(e), "cid_valid": False } def verify_bitcoin_script(script: str, transaction_context: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]: """Verify Bitcoin script with OP_CAT operations.""" try: # Basic script verification script_elements = script.split() # Check for OP_CAT operations opcat_operations = [elem for elem in script_elements if "OP_CAT" in elem] # Check covenant structure has_altstack_ops = any(op in script for op in ["OP_TOALTSTACK", "OP_FROMALTSTACK"]) has_validation = any(op in script for op in ["OP_CHECKSIG", "OP_VERIFY", "OP_EQUAL"]) # Simulate script execution (simplified) script_valid = has_altstack_ops and has_validation and len(opcat_operations) > 0 return { "success": True, "script_valid": script_valid, "opcat_operations": len(opcat_operations), "has_covenant_structure": has_altstack_ops, "has_validation": has_validation, "details": { "script_elements": len(script_elements), "opcat_ops": opcat_operations, "transaction_context": transaction_context } } except Exception as e: return { "success": False, "error": str(e), "script_valid": False } def verify_opcat_results(operations: List[Dict[str, Any]], expected_results: List[str]) -> Dict[str, Any]: """Verify OP_CAT operation results.""" try: if len(operations) != len(expected_results): return { "success": False, "error": f"Operation count mismatch: {len(operations)} vs {len(expected_results)}" } verifications = [] for op, expected in zip(operations, expected_results): actual = op.get("result_hash", "") match = actual == expected verifications.append({ "operation_id": op.get("operation_id"), "operation_type": op.get("operation_type"), "expected_hash": expected, "actual_hash": actual, "match": match }) all_match = all(v["match"] for v in verifications) return { "success": True, "all_results_match": all_match, "verification_count": len(verifications), "verifications": verifications } except Exception as e: return { "success": False, "error": str(e) } def verify_covenant_compliance(covenant_spec: Dict[str, Any], spending_data: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]: """Verify covenant compliance with spending conditions.""" try: spending_conditions = covenant_spec.get("spending_conditions", {}) # Check spending conditions compliance_checks = [] for condition, requirement in spending_conditions.items(): if condition == "requires_ipfs_reference": ipfs_ref = spending_data.get("ipfs_reference") compliant = ipfs_ref is not None and ipfs_ref == covenant_spec.get("ipfs_cid") compliance_checks.append({ "condition": condition, "required": requirement, "provided": ipfs_ref, "compliant": compliant }) elif condition == "op_cat_validation": required_ops = requirement.get("required_operations", []) provided_ops = spending_data.get("opcat_operations", []) compliant = set(required_ops).issubset(set(provided_ops)) compliance_checks.append({ "condition": condition, "required_operations": required_ops, "provided_operations": provided_ops, "compliant": compliant }) all_compliant = all(check["compliant"] for check in compliance_checks) return { "success": True, "covenant_compliant": all_compliant, "compliance_checks": compliance_checks } except Exception as e: return { "success": False, "error": str(e) } self.verification_components = { "ipfs_content": verify_ipfs_content, "bitcoin_script": verify_bitcoin_script, "opcat_results": verify_opcat_results, "covenant_compliance": verify_covenant_compliance } def verify(self, component: str, verification_data: Dict[str, Any], verification_id: Optional[str] = None) -> VerificationResult: """Run verification for a specific component.""" if verification_id is None: verification_id = hashlib.sha256( (component + str(verification_data) + datetime.utcnow().isoformat()).encode() ).hexdigest()[:16] if component not in self.verification_components: return VerificationResult( verification_id=verification_id, component=component, status=VerificationStatus.FAILED, score=0.0, validations=[], metadata={"error": f"Unknown component: {component}"}, timestamp=datetime.utcnow().isoformat() ) try: # Run verification result_data = self.verification_components[component](**verification_data) # Generate validation results based on verification outcome validations = [] if result_data.get("success", False): # Create positive validations for key, value in result_data.items(): if key != "success" and isinstance(value, bool) and value: validations.append(ValidationResult( rule_id=f"{component}_{key}", level=ValidationLevel.INFO, message=f"{key} verification passed", passed=True, details={key: value}, timestamp=datetime.utcnow().isoformat() )) else: # Create error validation validations.append(ValidationResult( rule_id=f"{component}_error", level=ValidationLevel.ERROR, message=f"Component verification failed: {result_data.get('error', 'Unknown error')}", passed=False, details=result_data, timestamp=datetime.utcnow().isoformat() )) # Calculate overall score passed_validations = sum(1 for v in validations if v.passed) total_validations = len(validations) score = passed_validations / total_validations if total_validations > 0 else 0.0 # Determine status if score == 1.0: status = VerificationStatus.PASSED elif score > 0.5: status = VerificationStatus.IN_PROGRESS else: status = VerificationStatus.FAILED verification_result = VerificationResult( verification_id=verification_id, component=component, status=status, score=score, validations=validations, metadata=result_data, timestamp=datetime.utcnow().isoformat() ) self.verification_history[verification_id] = verification_result return verification_result except Exception as e: error_result = VerificationResult( verification_id=verification_id, component=component, status=VerificationStatus.FAILED, score=0.0, validations=[ValidationResult( rule_id=f"{component}_exception", level=ValidationLevel.CRITICAL, message=f"Verification exception: {str(e)}", passed=False, details={"exception": str(e)}, timestamp=datetime.utcnow().isoformat() )], metadata={"error": str(e)}, timestamp=datetime.utcnow().isoformat() ) self.verification_history[verification_id] = error_result return error_result class ComprehensiveValidationFramework: """Comprehensive validation framework for complete OP_CAT workflows.""" def __init__(self): self.validator = OPCATValidator() self.verifier = OPCATVerifier() self.validation_suites: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {} self._register_validation_suites() def _register_validation_suites(self): """Register predefined validation suites.""" self.validation_suites["content_processing"] = { "validation_rules": ["size_limit", "content_format", "operation_sequence"], "verification_components": ["opcat_results"], "description": "Validation suite for content processing with OP_CAT" } self.validation_suites["ipfs_integration"] = { "validation_rules": ["size_limit", "hash_integrity"], "verification_components": ["ipfs_content"], "description": "Validation suite for IPFS integration" } self.validation_suites["bitcoin_covenant"] = { "validation_rules": ["script_compatibility", "hash_integrity"], "verification_components": ["bitcoin_script", "covenant_compliance"], "description": "Validation suite for Bitcoin covenant creation" } self.validation_suites["full_workflow"] = { "validation_rules": ["size_limit", "content_format", "operation_sequence", "hash_integrity", "script_compatibility"], "verification_components": ["ipfs_content", "bitcoin_script", "opcat_results", "covenant_compliance"], "description": "Comprehensive validation suite for complete OP_CAT workflow" } def run_validation_suite(self, suite_name: str, data: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]: """Run a complete validation suite.""" if suite_name not in self.validation_suites: return { "success": False, "error": f"Unknown validation suite: {suite_name}" } suite = self.validation_suites[suite_name] validation_id = f"suite_{suite_name}_{datetime.utcnow().isoformat()}" results = { "suite_name": suite_name, "validation_id": validation_id, "description": suite["description"], "timestamp": datetime.utcnow().isoformat(), "validations": [], "verifications": [], "overall_score": 0.0, "success": False } try: # Run validation rules validation_results = self.validator.validate(data, suite["validation_rules"]) results["validations"] = [v.to_dict() for v in validation_results] # Run verification components verification_results = [] for component in suite["verification_components"]: if component in data.get("verification_data", {}): verification_data = data["verification_data"][component] ver_result = self.verifier.verify(component, verification_data) verification_results.append(ver_result) results["verifications"] = [v.to_dict() for v in verification_results] # Calculate overall score all_validations = validation_results + verification_results passed_count = sum(1 for item in all_validations if item.passed or item.score > 0.8) total_count = len(all_validations) results["overall_score"] = passed_count / total_count if total_count > 0 else 0.0 results["success"] = results["overall_score"] >= 0.8 return results except Exception as e: results["error"] = str(e) results["success"] = False return results # Example usage and test def test_validation_framework(): """Test the validation framework.""" framework = ComprehensiveValidationFramework() # Test data for content processing test_data = { "content": base64.b64encode(b"Test content for validation").decode(), "operations": [ { "operation_id": "test_op_001", "operation_type": "content_concat", "result_hash": hashlib.sha256(b"Test content for validationOP_CAT").hexdigest() } ], "expected_hashes": [hashlib.sha256(b"Test content for validationOP_CAT").hexdigest()], "actual_hashes": [hashlib.sha256(b"Test content for validationOP_CAT").hexdigest()], "verification_data": { "opcat_results": { "operations": [ { "operation_id": "test_op_001", "operation_type": "content_concat", "result_hash": hashlib.sha256(b"Test content for validationOP_CAT").hexdigest() } ], "expected_results": [hashlib.sha256(b"Test content for validationOP_CAT").hexdigest()] } } } # Run content processing validation suite result = framework.run_validation_suite("content_processing", test_data) return result if __name__ == "__main__": test_result = test_validation_framework() print(json.dumps(test_result, indent=2))